INTRODUCTION

Kappo, also known as Katsu, is the medical art of the restoration of life. This art is designed to resuscitate persons who have fainted or who have been knocked unconscious.

Originally it was felt that Katsu should be employed for reviving victims of attacks. Later, however, it was discovered that this art was also effective in some cases of drowning, sunstroke and in helping victims of accidents. It should be noted that these methods are ancient and are no longer considered the standard of modern medical care. Some of these methods have been replaced around the world by updated versions known of first aid.

Modern methods of first aid have been guided largely by chance; many methods of Kappo (resuscitation) have evolved into what we now call C.P.R. and modern first aid.

In the sixteenth century, fireplace bellows were used to blow air into victims, with an occasional success. In 1745 an English surgeon William Tossach reported reviving a suffocated coal miner with "mouth to mouth" breathing. From the mid 1800's through the late 1930's, methods involving pressing on the victims back became popular. The best known method of all these was, "Schaeffer Prone Pressure Method," that involved backpressure and then later, the "Hogler-Nielson" method added lifting the arms. During the late 1950's, researchers at the John Hopkins University Medical School, added mouth to mouth breathing techniques to their own newly developed "external cardiac compression technique." And, C.P.R. as we know it today was born.

Today with disease transfer the use of E.A.R. (Expires Air Resuscitation) component of C.P.R. has been changed to voluntary. The theory behind this change is, by compressing the chest you are also compressing the lungs, this then results in air transfer to occur, when the pressure is released from the chest. Through studies conducted around the world the survivability rate is no different for persons in cardiac arrest.

Kappo, methods of resuscitation were usually taught in conjunction with methods of Sappo (Killing blows), this balanced approach allowed the practitioners of jujitsu to subdue the aggressor and then quickly revive them. This dual concept fits the oriental ideas of Yin and Yang (opposites) and the importance of maintaining balance in life.

The characters on the title page are Katsu (resuscitation) and Ho (method). Together, they are pronounced Kappo. The correct Japanese pronunciation of Kappo places the emphasis on the pp and uses a short a-sound at the beginning and a long o-sound at the end.

WARNING AND DISCLAIMER

The methods of Kappo as taught in the Tohkon Ryu Jujitsu System, have been passed to students who hold the appropriate maturity and level of knowledge.

Kappo techniques are extremely sacred and are only taught to Black Belts so that they can apply immediate first aid to students or their attacker. Instructors have a responsibility to administer the appropriate first aid or Kappo method as quickly as possible in the dojo, as sometimes injuries do occur due to the very nature of the art.

Therefore this training manual for Kappo should be also held scared and hidden from the general class. Generally only lists of Kappo were passed on to students with no or little illustration.

Within in Tohkon Ryu Jujitsu, students have an introduction to Kappo methods as a probationary Black Belt, additional methods and details are then instructed to them after they receive their Shodan.

These skills must be taught only by a qualified Black Belt instructor allowing the student, hands on practice while receiving constant feedback and critiquing from a qualified instructor so that they do not cause bodily harm to the student.

Therefore this manual maintains the property of Tohkon Ryu Jujitsu, and Instructors of Tohkon Ryu Jujitsu do not take any responsibility for the actions of the user, training outside of scheduled classes, seminars, competitions or programs. All techniques within this manual are only to be practised under the direction of a qualified Tohkon Ryu Jujitsu instructor. Jujitsu should only be used within legal and moral parameters.

The directions are few and the student must observe simple, yet great care. Success cannot attend carelessness. The vital points that must be manipulated must be found with exactitude or the desired results will not be accomplished.

I recommend that each student, when practicing, perform the Kappo's very lightly. It is a curious fact that many of the points of the body manipulated while performing the Kappo's are also the points attacked for the purpose of causing death or disorientation. At all times follow the directions with painstaking care!

A prerequisite for participants learning Kappo techniques is to have reached the level of Shodan-Ho and holds a current first aid certificate.

WHY LEARN KAPPO ?

Originally, Kappo was, no doubt, employed solely for reviving the victims of attacks. In later centuries however, it was discovered that this strange science was potent in cases of drowning, sunstroke, and injuries from other accidental causes.

For those of us who need to have a first aid certificate, it would seem unnecessary to use methods from a different source such as Kappo. Sometimes it is necessary to maintain methods of Kappo in the syllabus to preserve the art and that it generally deals with more situations within the dojo. Keep in mind that variation is a very large part of our art; therefore, methods used in modern first aid training are all just variations and as such are tools for your repertoire. Just like a training, the variations you learn with it give you more versatility, Kappo techniques are sometime more relevant in the Dojo.

Nevertheless the traditional forms of resuscitation are considered advanced techniques of Jujitsu and instructors may wish to study them to complete their training for historical purposes or for use in special circumstances.

While there are many of these Kappo methods, this manual will only outline the most relevant techniques for use in the training hall and personal use.

MODERN METHODS AND THE LAW

Kappo techniques can be very useful in jujutsu, but not every injury situation calls for their use. The decision to use Kappo in a dojo emergency should be tempered with common sense. Our primary concern in an emergency is the health and well being of the injured person. Sometimes this means we should not try to fix everything with Kappo. In certain situations, a call for an ambulance can be a much wiser course of action.
For example, if someone is thrown onto his or her neck, we know that this will most likely cause a spinal injury and a method such as Se Katsu should not be attempted.
Before modern medical treatment, Kappo was often the only chance a person had to recover from a severe injury. Ribs broken in battle could puncture a lung, causing it to collapse and leading to almost certain death. These techniques were often desperate, last-ditch attempts to keep somebody alive. Today, modern emergency rooms can easily deal with this type of injury. The prudent sensei should be able to recognize situations for which Kappo would be inappropriate, and regular first aid methods should be used.
I encourage all instructors to use common sense and only use Kappo in the most trivial injury cases. World-class medical services are only a phone call away. In many cases we can save a life by quick and correct action!

In today’s modern society we must be careful in how and when we apply our Kappo techniques. We must realise when we need assist and many are reluctant to seek medical care, but sensei can gently remind them that some injuries can come much more complicated if they are not treated promptly.

Instructors should maintain a current first aid certificate in case of emergencies within the Dojo. Also all instructors should be aware of the equipment supplied in the establishment that they are teaching in, or if doing private lessons the instructor should supply a first aid kit.

There are many traditional methods of resuscitation that can assist the victim in recovery, but if the outcome is less than desirable these interventions may not be defensible in a court of law. Most methods have been replaced first aid, which is based on more modern medical knowledge. Among sports coaches and medical professionals, first aid is commonly recognised as the appropriate response to a medical emergency. Nevertheless the traditional forms of resuscitation are considered advanced techniques of Jujitsu and instructors may wish to study them to complete their training for historical purposes or for use in special circumstances.

Due to an Instructor being trained in first aid and kappo methods, you have a duty of care to assist students or those participating with a course, class or seminar. If you begin to provide care you must do everything reasonable in the circumstance until a person that has better qualifications take over.

If attempting to apply First Aid or Kappo techniques to a casualty you must ask yourself:
1. Am I performing techniques that I am trained to do?,
2. Will I be negligent?, and
3. Will my actions cause further injury or harm?

Before performing any first aid or kappo methods you must first obtain consent from the causality before you touch or move them, if not you can bring a charged of assault.

This rule is wavered only when you are unable to obtain this consent, this is when the causality is unconscious. You are now acting in good faith to prevent the causality from potential harm or injury.
When performing first aid or kappo methods on a child you must first gain this consent from the parent or guardian. If they are not available only then you may perform first aid or kappo methods to prevent harm or injury to the child.

Kappo Katsu - Resusication Techniques

Method	Japanese	English
General Relaxation	Ashi oshimasu	Foot Press
	Keiyaku katsu	Breath holding method
	Ishi katsu This technique is achieved by massaging the temples and the base of the skull. The fingers massage the temples in the direction towards the ears and the thumbs massage the hollow space just below the base of the skull. Both make a kneading motion until the Uke recovers. This stimulates the blood vessels to reduce the blood pressure indirectly relaxing the Uke.	Temple method
	Me katsu	Eye method
	Me oshimasu	Eye press
Head Ache	No katsu – hiza oshimasu	Brain method - compress head with knees
	No Katsu - te oshimasu	Brain method - compress head with hands
	Shuko katsu	Shuko method (large intestine 4)
	Atamani katsu This technique is used to assist in the relief of a headache, starting with the Uke lying down on their back in a relaxed position. Massage in tonification at the crown of the head with three fingers (thumb, index and middle finger) for approximately seven minutes. Then gradually massage from this point down along the neck to the trapezius muscle returning to the base of the skull. Alternatively this technique may be also done with the Uke in a seated position.	Head method
	No katsu	Migrane headache method
Nose Bleed Stop	Hanaji Tome ichi	Nose bleed stop - one
	Hanaji tome ni This method of stopping a nosebleed is also known as a self-application method. A shoelace or a thin cord is tightly wrapped around the hand at the point of the lower palm and the mid point of the web between the thumb and index fingers (Large intestine 4). After wrapping the hand tightly, you then form a fist. The affect of this application to the Large Intestine 4 point is the reduction of the blood pressure of the head slowing the blood flow causing the nose to stop bleeding. The pressure is applied to the hand of the effected side of the nose for approximately 1 – 2 minutes. Pressure to this point is also effective for headaches refer to Shuko Katsu.	Nose bleed stop - two
	Yoko komi	Side method
Locked Diaphragm	Hon katsu	Major method (for a smaller person)
	Tanden katsu	Tandem method (for a bigger person)
	Eri katsu	Lapel method
	Sasoi katsu or tachi katsu This method of relieving the diaphragm is also known as the standing method of relieving chest constriction “Tachi Katsu”. With the Uke in a seated position with one leg crossed to assist in stabilising the Uke. Stand behind the Uke with your right knee against his or her spine, ensuring that your right heal is off the mat. Spread your fingers and place your hands on his or her lower chest, hooking your fingers under the lower ribs. Pull back as if you are opening the ribs to either side, putting your weight on the shoulders to assist in bending the body back, and press with your right knee. Press forward allowing your right heal to return flat to the mat, this little lever will assist in drawing air into the lungs when the ribs have extended open as far as they will go then releasing them to allow for the lungs to exhale. Repeat this process slowly and regularly at a rate of 10 – 15 times per minute until the Uke begins breathing by him or herself.	Inductive or standing method
Strangulation /	Kubi katsu	Neck method (hanging)
Breathing	So katsu	Composite method - breathing
Relieving Discomfort in the Stomach	Mukatsuku kimasu Ichi	To feel nausea – one method
	Mukatsuku kimasu ni	To feel nausea - second method
	Mukatsuku kimasu san	To feel nausea - three method (stage fright)
Relieving Discomfort in the Kidneys	Jinzo katsu	Kidney method
Stimulation	Hiza katsu	Knee method
	Tsume katsu	Nail method
	Jinchu katsu	Jinchu method (governor vessel 26)
Striking Relief	Atemi katsu This method is used when the Uke has received a striking technique to a motor or muscular point, creating partial paralysis or numbness. Striking upsets or blocks the natural energy flow through the meridian of the effected strike zone, overloading it like an electrical system. For example, the energy flow of the arm is down the ulna side crossing at the knuckles returning on the radial side. Further self study is needed to understand the whole bodies energy flow to utilise this method. To relax the effected point, you need to stimulate it by striking again to the same point with an open hand (one third to half the force of the original strike) delivered in the direction of energy flow .	Striking method
Unconsciousness	Se katsu	Back Method
	Ashi katsu This technique is the secondary method used for resuscitation, but is the first of two methods used if the Uke is suspected of receiving a neck or back injury. Se Katsu would not be used due to the movement and cupping strikes to the back that may contribute to additional injuries to the Uke. The method is as follows, have the Uke lay before you on his or her back, being careful not to jerk or move the body unnecessarily. Kneel between the Uke’s leg with your left leg bridging over the Uke’s right leg and your right leg extended with the Uke’s left leg resting on top. The left arm is placed in this position due to the direct energy path to the heart. The Kidney 1 (Bubbling Springs) point located between the balls of the foot when stimulated has an effect on the respiratory system and heart. This point if stimulated correctly will bring the Uke out of unconsciousness with approximately one to four slaps. Contact will be made with a cupped palm. The mid point of the palm will be aligned with the Kidney 1point on the Uke’s left foot. The cupping slap on the foot is made in a brushing action towards the Uke’s heart, coinciding with a Kiai also towards the heart, producing the same effect as in Se katsu. The operator will look for overall knee movement if the technique is performed correctly.	Foot Method
	Nuki katsu	Insertion method
Testicle Relief	Kin katsu ichi	Testicle method one
	Kin katsu ni	Testicle method two (foot method)
	Inno katsu When a moderate strike has been delivered to the testicles and the Uke is unable to stand to conduct the self-application method, this assisted two-part method will be required. The initial stage of both parts are as follows; have the Uke seated with the Tori standing behind with feet at shoulder width apart. Then hook both arms under Uke’s armpits, gripping Uke’s wrists. Combining both parts within the method will contribute to the relief of the testicles. Part 1 - Rock Uke from left to right simultaneously striking the buttocks of the Uke, when the buttock is in the raised position. The strike is similar to a sweeping motion (heel and instep of foot) and the target point is at Gall Bladder 29. This point is located approximately half to one inch above the head of the femur bone in the soft area of the buttock. This point effects the static nerve and other muscles of the pelvic and lower back region, stopping spasms created by the strike assisting in relaxing the spermatic cords retuning the testicles to a normal position. Part 2 – Lift Uke with your legs at a 45-degree angle for operator safety, two to three inches above the ground and then make a controlled drop onto Uke’s buttocks.	Scrotum method
	Kin katsu san	Testicle method three
	Manaka oshi	Centre press

For more information please conact myself on email: sensei_sam_oz1@hotmail.com - A full coloured Kappo Training Manual with photos is available to all Black Belts and those sitting for Shodan-ho within the Tohkon Ryu Jujitsu School. Seven techniques have been described without photos to assist those for grading purposes.

Home Technique Analysis